One study showed that the risk
of mortality started to rise at
serum sodium <138 mEq/L1

  • Furthermore, a separate study showed that even
    mild hyponatremia carried a significantly increased
    risk of death in-hospital, at 1 year and at 5 years
    following discharge.2
See what hyponatremia data reveal
Chart

Relationship between admission serum sodium concentrations and in-hospital mortatlity: analysis from OPTIMIZE-HF registry3 Restrictive cubic spline transformation plot with 95% confidence intervals is shown. Adapted with permission from Gheorghiade M, et al. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(8):980-988.

References: 1. Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al; OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Coordinators. Relationship between admission serum sodium concentration and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure: an analysis from the OPTIMIZE-HF registry. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(8):980-988. 2. Waikar SS, Mount DB, Curhan GC. Mortality after hospitalization with mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia. Am J Med. 2009;122(9):857-865.

The majority of morbidity
associated with uncorrected
symptomatic hyponatremia
is due to brain damage1

  • Unrestrained brain swelling will often lead to
    death and permanent brain damage.1
Find out about hyponatremia complications and brain edema

Normal Brain1 (normal osmolality) Water gain (low osmolality) Loss of sodium, potassium, and chloride (low osmolality)

Hyponatremia and brain edema

References: 1. Sterns RH, Silver SM. Brain volume regulation in response to hypo-osmolality and its correction. Am J Med. 2006;119(7A)(suppl 1):S12-S16. 2. Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(21):1581-1589.

The estimated inpatient adult
admissions with hyponatremia
cost an additional $1.1 billion/year1

  • In this same study, the presence of various levels of
    hyponatremia was associated with longer lengths of
    stay compared to the absence of hyponatremia1
  • Higher cost will be associated with patients requiring
    ICU care, especially among those with
    moderate-to-severe hyponatremia.1
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Hyponatremia healthcare costs

Estimated annual economic burden of hyponatremia on the national healthcare system1 Annual adult admissions 32 million Additional national costs 1.1 billion Additoinal bed days 1.4 million Adapted from Callahan MA, et al. Postgrad Med. 2009;121(2):186-191.

Reference: 1. Callahan MA, Do HT, Caplan DW, Yoon-Flannery K. Economic impact of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study. Postgrad Med. 2009;121(2):186-191.

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